Exploring Volcano Tourism: Is It Safe?

Volcano tourism has a long history, dating back to 1841 when British businessman Thomas Cook organized a tour to Mount Vesuvius. Today, millions of people visit volcanic sites in places like Iceland, Italy, and Hawai’i to witness the raw power of these natural formations. From hiking in Hawai’i’s Volcanoes National Park to rappelling into Vanuatu’s Ambrym Island, the ways to experience volcanoes have diversified. However, recent incidents have raised concerns about the safety of such adventures. This article explores whether volcano tourism is safe and what precautions are necessary to ensure a secure experience.

The Rise of Volcano Tourism

Volcano tourism has been on the rise, with destinations like the Blue Lagoon spa in Iceland attracting many visitors despite its proximity to active volcanic zones. The Blue Lagoon, located just 5km from Grindavík, has experienced multiple evacuations due to volcanic activity. Although there were no casualties in these instances, other volcanic sites have not been as fortunate. In 2019, the eruption of Whakaari/White Island in New Zealand resulted in 22 deaths and 25 injuries, while Mount Marapi in Indonesia claimed 23 lives in 2023. These tragedies highlight the potential dangers of volcano tourism.

Despite these incidents, the allure of volcano tourism remains strong. People are drawn to the unique and awe-inspiring experiences that volcanic landscapes offer. The opportunity to witness an erupting volcano or to hike across a lava field is a powerful attraction for many adventure seekers. Additionally, volcanic regions often feature other natural wonders, such as hot springs, geysers, and unique geological formations, which further enhance their appeal.

Assessing the Risks

Despite the inherent risks, experts assert that volcano tourism can be safe if proper precautions are taken. According to Matthew Patrick, a geologist at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, educating oneself about the destination is crucial. Travelers should research local restrictions and safety measures and sign up for text alerts when visiting national parks. Additionally, going with a reputable guide is recommended, especially when visiting active volcanoes. Each volcano presents unique risks, and a knowledgeable guide can help navigate these dangers.

Guides are particularly important in helping tourists understand and respect the dynamic nature of volcanic environments. For instance, some volcanoes may appear dormant but can become active with little warning. A guide’s expertise in recognizing early signs of activity and understanding local volcanic behavior can be invaluable. Moreover, guides often have access to the latest safety information and can adjust plans accordingly to avoid potential hazards.

Kristín Vogfjorð, leader of Geoscience Research at the Icelandic Meteorological Office, emphasizes the advancements in predicting volcanic activity. Modern technology allows scientists to forecast eruptions and toxic gas emissions, making it safer for tourists. In Iceland, for example, automatic notifications are sent to mobile phones in the area when seismic activity reaches certain levels. These alerts are issued in multiple languages to ensure both locals and tourists are informed in real time.

Such predictive capabilities are a result of extensive monitoring networks that include seismic sensors, gas detectors, and satellite imagery. These tools enable volcanologists to detect subtle changes in volcanic activity, such as increasing gas emissions or minor seismic tremors, which often precede larger events. The ability to forecast eruptions with greater accuracy has significantly reduced the risk for tourists and local populations alike.

Respecting Cultural Significance

In addition to safety considerations, it’s important to respect the cultural significance of volcanic sites. In Indigenous Hawaiian culture, volcanoes are considered living beings, and eruptions hold deep spiritual meaning. Visitors to places like Volcanoes National Park are asked to be respectful by not disturbing the flow of lava, removing plants or rocks, or photographing Indigenous Hawaiians during prayers. This respect for local customs and traditions enhances the overall experience and fosters a deeper connection to the natural and cultural environment.

Respecting these cultural practices is not only about politeness but also about understanding and appreciating the deep connections that local communities have with their land. Many Indigenous cultures view volcanic activity as part of a larger spiritual and natural cycle. By honoring these perspectives, tourists can gain a richer, more holistic understanding of the places they visit. Furthermore, demonstrating respect for local customs can help foster positive relationships between visitors and host communities, promoting sustainable tourism practices.

Conclusion

While volcano tourism carries certain risks, it can be a safe and enriching experience with proper planning and respect for local regulations and cultural practices. By researching destinations, traveling with reputable guides, and staying informed through local alerts, tourists can minimize the dangers associated with visiting active volcanoes. Advances in volcanic prediction and real-time communication have significantly improved safety measures, making it possible for adventure seekers to enjoy these natural wonders responsibly. As long as travelers approach volcano tourism with caution and respect, they can witness the awe-inspiring power of nature without compromising their safety.